Friday, 5 August 2016

MCAT biology test

1Principal classes of membrane proteins include all of the following except



receptors


cell surface markers


spectrins


transport proteins
2

Which of the following are not components of the cell membrane?


cell surface markers


transmembrane proteins


interior protein network


plasmodesmata
3

To cross the cell membrane, water must

A)squeeze between phospholipid molecules

B)pass through aquaporins

C)be transported at the expense of ATP

D)be moved by a cotransport system
4

If a cell's contents are greatly hypoosmotic to the surrounding environment, the cell will probably

A)expand

B)become isotonic

C)burst

D)shrivel
5

The sodium-potassium pump passes

A)more Na+ out than K+ in

B)K+ out and Na+ in on a one-for-one basis

C)Na+ out and K+ in on a one-for-one basis

D)K+ and Na+ in the same direction
6

Exocytosis is a process by which cells

A)pass substances out of the cell in vesicles

B)pass substances out of the cell through the membrane by osmosis

C)release substances directly into the extracellular fluid through a pore

D)release substances directly into the extracellular fluid through a pit

E)identify substances in the environment
7

A phospholipid has

A)a phosphate group in place of one fatty acid

B)phosphate groups in place of two fatty acids

C)phosphate groups in place of three fatty acids

D)a phosphate group in place of a carbon in glycerol

E)none of the above
8

Clathrin-coated pits are used to

A)extrude bulk fluids from the cell

B)allow desired molecules directly into the cytoplasm

C)pass wastes in vesicles to the outside.

D)pass information into adjacent cells

E)bring desired substances from the environment into the cell in vesicles
9

A lipid bilayer

A)permits water soluble molecules to pass through it

B)facilitates the passage of water soluble molecules through it

C)inhibits the passage of water soluble substances through it

D)actively transports water soluble molecules through it

E)is indifferent to the passage of water molecules through it
10

A cell is recognized by other tissue members as "self" by its surface

A)glycolipids

B)phosphate groups

C)glycoproteins

D)ketoglutaric acids

E)glycocarbohydrates
11

A net gain of water tends to occur

A)in a hypoosmotic solution from an isosmotic solution

B)in an isosmotic solution from a hyperosmotic solution

C)in a hyperosmotic solution from a hypoosmotic solution

D)in a hypoosmotic solution from a hyperosmotic solution

E)in one isosmotic solution from another isosmotic solution of the same composition
12

Red blood cells have a characteristic concave shape because of

A)spectrin

B)dextrin

C)hemoglobin

D)hemocyanin

E)iron
13

By a mechanism called cotransport

A)sugar moves down its concentration gradient while sodium moves up its concentration gradient

B)sodium moves outward against is concentration gradient while sugar moves inward down its concentration gradient

C)sugar and sodium move inward down their concentration gradient

D)sodium moves inward down its concentration gradient while sugar moves inward up its concentration gradient

E)sodium and sugar move outward against their concentration gradient
14

Many surface proteins are anchored by

A)polar amino acids

B)hydrogen bonding amino acids

C)nonpolar fatty acids

D)nonpolar amino acids

E)polar fatty acids
15

Transmembrane proteins are

A)always fixed in position

B)always abundant

C)often not fixed in position

D)never abundant

E)none of the above
16

Cystic fibrosis results from defective ion channels for

A)Na+

B)Cl-

C)Ca++

D)ClO3-

E)H+
17

Fluidity of phospholipid bilayer is increased by

A)double bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acid tails

B)steroid lipids at certain temperatures

C)poor alignment of the fatty acids tails

D)cholesterol at certain temperatures

E)all of the above
18

A cell engaged in phagocytosis must be

A)engulfing a live organism

B)acquiring a liquid

C)engulfing a dead organism

D)transporting bulk dissolved nutrients

E)transporting bulk solid material
19

A, B, and O blood groups are marked by surface

A)glycoproteins

B)glycolipids

C)glycocarbohydrates

D)glycerol

E)gluterates
20

In each cycle the sodium-potassium pumps transfer

A)two potassium ions in and two sodium ions out

B)one sodium ion out and one potassium ion in

C)three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in

D)one potassium ion out and two sodium ions in

E)three sodium ions in and two potassium ions out
21

____________________ are transported by a particular carrier or pass through a particular channel.

A)All water soluble ions or molecules

B)Certain water soluble molecules or ions

C)All insoluble molecules or ions

D)Certain insoluble ions or molecules

E)Only the smallest molecules or ions
22

Equilibrium is reached in an aqueous solution when

A)random motion stops

B)water molecules and dissolved molecules are moving at the same rate

C)the dissolved molecules or ions are equally distributed throughout the solution

D)molecular motion stops

E)there are the same number of water molecules as dissolved molecules
23

Substances transported by facilitated diffusion

A)move passively through specific channels from an area of greater concentration to one of lower concentration

B)are limited to solvents

C)must have movements coupled to those of other substances

D)may flow to a region of higher concentration by the expenditure of energy

E)are restricted to only one direction through the membrane
24

In a lipid bilayer the lipids have

A)their water repelling heads facing inward

B)their water repelling tails facing inward

C)their hydrogen bond forming heads facing inward

D)their hydrogen bond forming tails facing inward

E)no relationship to water
25

A lipid bilayer is held together by

A)surface tension

B)double bonds in their fatty acid tails

C)the attraction of the phospholipid heads to each other

D)hydrogen bonding with water

E)the electrostatic attraction of phosphate groups for each other
26

The glycocalyx is a "sugar coating" on the surface of a cell resulting from the presence of polysaccharides on glycolipids and glycoproteins embedded in the outer layer of the plasma membrane.

A)True

B)False
27

Threonine, an amino acid, and arabinose, a monosaccharide, cross the cell membrane down their concentration gradients by:

A)diffusion.

B)endocytosis.

C)phosphorylation.

D)facilitated diffusion.

E)osmosis.
28

A contractile vacuole is an organelle that pumps excess water out of many freshwater protozoan cells. A freshwater protozoan was placed in solution A and observed to form contractile vacuoles at a rate of 11 per minute. The same protozoan was then placed in solution B and observed to form contractile vacuoles at a rate of 4 per minute. Based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?

A)Solution A is hyperosmotic to solution B.

B)Solutions A and B are isosmotic.

C)Solution B is hyperosmotic to solution A.

D)Solutions A and B are isosmotic to the protozoan cell.

E)Both a and b.
29

The net movement of uncharged, polar molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration occurs by facilitated diffusion.

A)True

B)False
30

The membrane transport mechanism used when an amoeba engulfs a bacterial cell is called:

A)exocytosis

B)pinocytosis

C)facilitated diffusion

D)active transport

E)phagocytosis
31

Continuing from the previous question, once the bacterial cell has been digested, the amoeba will dispose of indigestible materials by which of the following processes?

A)facilitated diffusion

B)through gated channels in membrane proteins

C)exocytosis

D)active transport

E)by any of the above processes
32

ATP is required in the transport of

A)water molecules

B)all molecules across a membrane

C)molecules to areas of lower concentrations

D)molecules to areas of higher concentrations

E)molecules through a protein channel
33

The sodium-potassium pump establishes concentration gradients

A)of higher sodium concentrations inside the cell and higher potassium concentrations outside the cell

B)of sodium and potassium but the area of their concentrations (inside or outside) depends on the needs of the cell

C)of higher potassium concentrations inside the cell and higher sodium concentrations outside the cell

D)of ATP inside the cell where it is needed

E)by pumping sodium outside the cell and potassium is cotransported out as well
34

In cotransport processes, sugars can be brought into the cell against their concentrations gradients

A)because ATP powers the pump that brings them in

B)because they follow sodium ions into the cell which are traveling down their concentration gradients

C)because they follow potassium in through the sodium-potassium pump

D)through endocytosis

E)sugar enters the cell by all of the processes listed above
35

The methods of membrane transport that don't require protein channels or carriers are

A)osmosis

B)diffusion

C)phagocytosis

D)exocytosis

E)all of the above

 Chapter 6 (p. 122)
1. A phospholipid is similar to a triglycerol, but has a phosphorylated alcohol in the place of the fatty acid on the third carbon of the glycerol molecule. Increasing the number of double bonds between carbons in phospholipid fatty acid chains would increase the fluidity of the membrane. 2. Proteins typically span cell membranes as multi-pass helices, which form protein channels, or as beta-barrels, creating pores in the membrane. 3. A cell hyperosmotic to its environment would have a higher concentration of solutes in its cytoplasm than the surrounding environment. 4. Both are forms of endocytosis, or taking extracellular materials into the cell. Phagocytosis employs the extension of pseudopods to take in comparatively large particulate material (such as a pathogen by a white blood cell); pinocytosis occurs when the cell invaginates to take in a volume of fluid containing desired microparticulate or molecular material. 5. In receptor-mediated endocytosis, a coated pit in the membrane contains a protein receptor. When triggered by the presence of a specific molecule, the pit closes over and traps the molecule within a vesicle. 6. Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that specific carrier molecules are employed for movement across a membrane, and a saturation limit can be reached when no further diffusion can occur because all carrier molecules are in use. 7. Active transport is different from facilitated diffusion in that it is an energy-requiring (ATP-using) process capable of moving molecules against their concentration gradients, but similar in that it involves the use of carrier proteins.
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Thursday, 30 June 2016

MCAT / ECAT test help

For MCAT/ECAT/BCAT STUDENTS
**************
=> Universities In Which Admissions Are Open Now
=> Anees Hussain Coaching Centre Notes For MCAT/ECAT
=> PAst Entry Test Papers of NED,DMC,SMC,LMC,KMDC & FAST
=> Universities Eligibility Criteria, Test Pattern & Last Year Closing Percentages Lists
=> Guidance for MCAT & ECAT Students
=> Other Materails For MCAT/ECAT/BCAT
==========
In Sab K Links Neche Dye Howe Hain.
==========
UNIVERSITIES In WHICH ADMISSIONS ARE OPEN NOW (UPDATED ON 20th JUNE)
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/a.569592159856609.1073741828.569308973218261/635224733293351/?type=3&theater
==========
ANEES HUSSAIN COACHING CENTRE NOTES FOR MCAT/ECAT
==========
1st Year Biology
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=641635442652280
2nd Year Biology
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=633181613497663
1st Year Chemistry
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=636859133129911
2nd Year CHmesitry
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=632386953577129
1st Year Physics
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=634004393415385
2nd Year Physics
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=632058380276653
==========
NED UNIVERSITY PAST ENTRY TEST PAPERS
==========
ENGLISH
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=630891003726724
MATHEMATICS
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=630895940392897
PHYSICS
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=630901267059031
CHMEISTRY
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=630885113727313
===========
DMC/SMC/LMC/KMDC/FAST/NUMS PAST ENTRY TEST PAPERS
===========
DMC/SMC 2005
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631195417029616
DMC/SMC 2007
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631198107029347
DMC/SMC 2009
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631206190361872
DMC/SMC 2010
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631208700361621
DMC/SMC 2011
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631217553694069
DMC/SMC 2012
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631219660360525
DMC/SMC 2013
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631222413693583
DMC/SMC 2014
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/photos/?tab=album&album_id=833066240157897
DMC/SMC 2015
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=631232590359232
KMDC 2014
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=633126973503127
SMBBMCL(LMC) 2014
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=637743419708149
SMBBMCL(LMC) 2015
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=637731543042670
NUMS Entry Test Syllabus
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=630969407052217
FAST University Example Papers For Entry Test
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=643120235837134
===========
UNIVERSITIES ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
===========
NUMS Complete Details
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/posts/630950867054071
KMDC ELIGIBILITY & REQUIREMENTS
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/posts/631604416988716
DMC/SMC ELIGIBILITY & REQUIREMENTS
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/posts/631631846985973
LMC Eligibility & Seats Distribution
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/posts/848107288653792
===========
UNIVERSITIES TEST PATTERN
===========
DMC/SMC/KMDC/LMC/BUMDC/NED
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/photos/a.573935109404346.1073741828.573313849466472/831726963625158/?type=3&theater
FAST University
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/photos/a.573935109404346.1073741828.573313849466472/848016791996175/?type=3&theater
University Of Karachi For Bachelors Programs (Morning)
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/posts/832224470242074
University Of Karachi Bachelors Programs (Evening)
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/photos/a.573935109404346.1073741828.573313849466472/832225163575338/?type=3&theater
===========
UNIVERSITIES LAST YEAR CLOSING PECENATGES LIST
===========
NED Closing Marks List - Admissions 2015-16
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/photos/a.573935109404346.1073741828.573313849466472/830988927032295/?type=3&theater
Karachi University Closing Percentages List 2015-16
https://www.facebook.com/educationinkarachi45/posts/831504996980688
Medical Colleges Last Year Closing Aggregates
DMC = 78.2---SMC = 74.4----KMDC = 76----LMC = 84 (Karachi Quota)
Aggregate Nikalne Ka Tareeqa :- Matric % Ko 0.1 Se Multiply Kare, Inter Ke % Ko 0.4 Se Multiply Kare Or Test k Marks Ko ).5 Se Multiply Kare, Phir teeno Ko Add Karey. (Aggregate Ka Ye Tareeqa Srif KMDC,DMC,SMC or LMC K lye Hain).
Note :- DMC/SMC Main Srif Science SUbjects(Without Practicals) Ke Percentages Count Hoti Hain, LMC Main Srif Science Subjects With Practicals Ke % Count Hoti Hain, KMDC Main Overall % Count Hoti Hain.
==========
Other Material For MCAT/ECAT/BCAT
==========
Vocabulary For MCAT/ECAT/BCAT
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/?tab=album&album_id=643131312502693
Calculator K Bagher Sin theta or Cos theta Ke Values Malom Karne Ka Tariqa.
https://www.facebook.com/McatEcatGuidelineForum/photos/a.569592159856609.1073741828.569308973218261/635318023284022/?type=3&theater
==========
GUDELINES FOR MCAT/ECAT
==========
How to Prepare For Entry Test (MCAT/ECAT)
★ Only Text Books Ko Study Karo, Apne Concepts Clear Karo, NTS K Test Main Ratte Wale MCQs Kam Or COncepts Wale ZYada Hote Hain. Entry Test K liey Notes Dekhna Bekar Hai Is liey Notes Ko Ab Bhul Jao Chahe Wo PC K Ho Ya Adamjee ke Ya kisi or Institute K, Srf Apne Text Books Ko Read Karo, Entry Test Main Chote Se Chota Topic Bhi Important Hota Hai Is liey Koshish Karo K Koe Bhi Topic Na Reh Jaey.
★ Apne liey Ik Aesa Time Table Banaey, Jis Main Test Se 1 Mahina Pehle Apka Course Khatam Hoajye or 1 Mahine APko Revision K Lye Mil Jaye.
For Example : Medical walo k liey All Subjects me 56 chapters hai or Medical Universities K Tests September Main Shoro Ho Jatey Hai Tu Un K Pas 4 Mahine Hain Ager Wo 2 din Main 1 Chapter Parhengey Tu Unka Course Asani Se Complete Ho Jaye ga or Revision K liey Ik Mahina Bhi Mil Jaye ga, Isi Tarah BCAT or ECAT Wale Bhi Apne liey Time Table Bana ley.
Har Chapter K Parhne K Bad Kam Se Kam 3 Differnet MCAT or ECAT K Books Se Us Chapter K MCQS Solve Karey or Numericals Ke Practrice Itni Karey K Aap Har Numerical Ik Mint Main Without Calculator Solve Kar Sakey Q k MCAT Walo K liye Test Main Calculator Allow Nahe Hota Hai.
★ English Subject K liye Daily Vocabulary K 10 Words Yad Karey.
★ Physics Mai Jo TOpics Samjh Nahe Arahe ho Wo Pehle Class 10th K Book Mai Dekha Karey, Class 10th K Book Main Physics K Kuch Topics Ko Bht Ache Tariqe Se Explain Kia Gaya Hai.
★ Ager Apko Koe MCQ Ya Numerical Nahe Ata Ho Tu Inbox Main Puch Lya Karo Ager Mujhe Uska Jawab Ata Hoga Tu Me Bata Dunga or Ager Mujhe Nahe Ata Hoga Tu Page Per Post Kar Dunga Koe Or Jawab De Dega.
★ Biology Mai Kuch Terms Aese Hote Hain Jin Ko Yad Karna Mushkil Hota Hai, Us K Lye Mnemonics Use Kia Karo. Mnemonic Means Kisi Chez Ko Yad Rakhne K Lye Asaan Tariqa.
For Example :- Taxonomy K CLassification Main Zyada Tar Log COnfuse Ho Jate Hain Hain, Is K Lye Sir Nabeel Ne Hamey Ik Mnemonic Bataya Tha (Khan PCO For Gup Shup). Khan Ka Pehla Lafz K Hai Or K Se Kingdom Ata Hai, Isi Tarah Baqi WOrds Bhi Hain. ( Khan = Kingdom, P = Phylum, C = Class, O = Order, For = Family, Gup = Genus, Shup = Species). Is Tarah Khud Soch Kar Menomics Banaya Karo.
==========
For Medical Students
==========
Jin logo Ka Result 70% se Kam Hai, Wo Apne Result Per Mayoos Mat Ho or Entry Test Ki Tayari Jari Rakho Q K DOW,SMC,KMDC or LMC mai Inter % per Admissions Nahe Hote Hai Balke Aggregate K Base Per Admissions hote Hai, Farq Srf Itna Hai Inter Mai Zyada Percentage Lene Walo Ko Test Me Kam MArks Lene Parenge Or Kam % Walo Ko Zyada Lene Parenge.
Now What is AGGREGATE?
10% Matric, 40% Inter, & 50% Test K Marks Ko Mila KAr Aggregate Banta Hai. Aggregate Nikalne Ka Tariqa
Apne Matric Ke Percentage Ko 0.1 Se Multiply Karo,
Inter Ke Percentage Ko 0.4 (Only Science Subjects without practicals) se Multiply Karo,
Test Ke % Ko 0.5 se Multiply Karo,
Phir In Sab Ko Add Karo Aggregate Ajey Ga.
For Example
Ager Kisi Matric mai 80% Hai, Inter Mai 65% Hai, Or Test Mai 80% Leta Hai Tu Uska 74% Aggregate Banega, or 74% per SMC & KMDC me chance hai, Is Tarah Ager Test or Acha Karega Tu Dow me Bhi Chance Ban Jaey Ga.
60% Wala Ager Test me 90+ Marks lega tu Uska Bhi Admission Ho Jaey Ga. Beshak Test Mai Itne Marks Lena Mushkil Hai Lekin Na Mumkin Nahi Hai.
Is liey Apni Mehant Jari Rakho or Allah per Bharosa Rakho, Ager Mehnat Karogey tw In Shaa Allah, Allah Kamyabi dega.
===========
For Medical Students
===========
*Key Points to Remember in your Aptitude Test,
1) Plan to execute. planning is really important, set your test margins and prepare yourself by proper time managements. Do not give priority to one specific subject as to achieve higher scores, you will have to conquer all the borders
2) For biology, textbook book reading is all you want. Focus on human biology priorly. So far, we have not seen any NTS paper without variation and genetics chapter.
3) Do not forget to memorize boxes given in your biology books. Once in KMDC test, islamic ayats were also asked from biology textbooks.
4) For chemistry, Finish doing numericals of 1st year first. Then come to theory of 1st year and 2nd year. By products and catalysts are equally important to memorize in organic chemistry.
5) As you know NTS has changed the trend for physics. Now they give almost 20 numericals from total 30 physics questions. Numericals should be your first target in physics preparation.
6) English MCQS are mostly easy in NTS test, but you never know where they are confusing you. Grammar and Vocab, reading and answer picking skills are mostly check.
7) Self Confidence and Time Management is all you need to have on test day. Stay relax, calm and confident. Do not waste your excessive time over one complicated MCQ, that might let you loose 10 easy MCQS there.
8 ) Too much thinking is crime in this test. if the topic asked is well studied by you, you'ld easily get the answer in first look. if still you feel some confusion between two or more options, try to re-read the question and recall your memory instead of staring at the options.
9) English MCQS are mostly easy in NTS test, but you never know where they are confusing you. Grammar and Vocab, reading and answer picking skills are mostly check.
10) One thing important. If unfortunately you are unable to get your target, do not be dissapointed or depressed. Disappointment is something we all deal with at some point in our lives. We all want certain things in life, and sometimes we get them and sometimes we don't. Feeling disappointment is perfectly normal, but we have to be careful how we deal with it.
Everything is not for everyone. Indeed Allah is the best planner for us so, Trust on Allah, Move on, Look up the left over chances and Never give up.
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